Effect of the application techniques on the effectiveness of the fungicides used in the banana postharvest.
Joas, J. and Malisart, S.
Fruits (Paris).Volume 56, Number 6, 2001. Pages 383-394.
2001
บทคัดย่อ
Disease control of bananas, necessary for ensuring the postharvest quality of the marketed product, depends very much on the techniques used for the fungicide application. A survey carried out in situ in Martinique showed that fungicide application times and techniques were variable. Thus, various techniques were tested to define the best operating conditions. Several factors which, at the shed stage, can influence the effectiveness of the postharvest fungicide applications were studied: the use of alum, the application time, the nozzle type and flow, and the spraying angle. The treatments were carried out on fruits after inoculation with Colletotrichum musae on fruit injuries and crowns. The fruits were then preserved for 8 days at 14 deg C, and allowed to mature under industrial simulation (24 h; 1 litre ethylene/m3) before being stored for 5 days at 22 deg C. The necrose surface or the stalk deterioration was then measured. The alum added to thiabendazole decreased the effectiveness of this fungicide when applied alone. Spraying time affected the performance of the fungicides; application for 30 seconds was the desirable minimum. The combination of imazalyl [imazalil] and thiabendazole or bitertanol had a favourable effect on the control of canker in the crown decay. The comparison of flows showed that a flow of a nozzle of approximately 0.4 litre/min, applied for 30 seconds, guaranteed an effective passage of the fungicide solution between the fruits and the banana hands. The size of the drops (thin or wide droplets) intervened little when the sprayed volume and contact time were respected (15 litres per tray for 30 seconds). The effectiveness of the fungicide was improved by using a bottomless tubular tray, using a spray over and under the fruits.