Hessian fly (Diptera: cecidomyiidae) control by hydrogen phosphide fumigation and compression of hay for export to Japan.
Yokoyama, V. J., Hatchett, J. H. and Miller, G. T.
Journal of economic entomology. Vol: 86 Issue: 1 Pages: 76-85.
1993
บทคัดย่อ
A multiple-quarantine treatment of compression and hydrogen phosphide fumigation (60 g/28.3 m3 for 7 d at > 10 degrees C) was developed to control Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), in six species of hay exported to Japan. The hay included timothy, Phleum pratense; alfalfa, Medicago sativa; oat, Avena sativa; Sudan grass, Sorghum bicolor sudanensis; Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon; and rye straw, Secale cereale. Commercial hay compressors configured to produce 72 and 80 kg/cm2 of pressure caused 93 and 97% mortality of Hessian fly puparia in bales held for 7 d in freight containers, respectively. Hydrogen phosphide fumigation of compressed bales significantly increased the mortality of puparia that survived compression in the bales. The total number of Hessian fly puparia tested and insect mortality for all species of hay was 255,191 and 99.940%, respectively, based on the number of puparia in wheat seedlings, and 105,763 and 99.855%, respectively, based on the number of puparia reared to the adult stage in laboratory controls. In total, 153 puparia survived hay compression and fumigation and were reared to the adult stage. The extraordinary number of insects tested in our large-scale tests would not occur in export-quality hay, and mortality would be increased by postharvest hay handling procedures. Hay compression and hydrogen phosphide fumigation can be used to control Hessian fly in a multiple-quarantine treatment and to maintain quarantine security levels required by regulatory agencies for hay exported to Japan.