Wounding, wound healing and staining of mature pear fruit
Robert A. Spotts, Peter G. Sanderson, Cheryl L. Lennox, David Sugar and Louis A. Cervantes
Postharvest Biology and Technology Vol: 13 Issue: 1Pages: 27-36.
1998
บทคัดย่อ
Incidence of wounding in commercially-harvested `d'Anjou' and `Bosc' pear fruit, healing of wounds to decrease decay caused by Botrytis cinerea, Mucor piriformis, Penicillium expansum, and Penicillium solitum at -1°C, 20°C, and 28°C, and formation of compounds potentially involved in resistance were determined. Use of a blue food coloring to make wounds on fruit more visible on packinghouse lines was evaluated. Over 4 years, an average of 2.9% of `d'Anjou' pear fruit were wounded during harvest and handling. In `Bosc' pears, average incidence of wounding was 4.3% where fruit was harvested by workers paid by the hour, and 13.9% where workers were paid by the number of bins harvested. Susceptibility of wounds to infection by M. piriformis, P. expansum, and B. cinerea at -1°C decreased rapidly during the first 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, respectively. The percent of wounds that stained well with food coloring was similar to the decay susceptibility curve for P. expansum at -1°C. Susceptibility of wounds to decay in fruit held at 20°C decreased almost linearly from 0 to 2 days. After 2 days at 20°C, 78% of the wounds absorbed stain, a significantly higher percent than were susceptible to decay. Prestorage heat treatment of fruit to 28°C for 24 h prior to inoculation decreased susceptibility of wounds to infection by both P. expansum and P. solitum. In commercial packinghouses, use of a 10% solution of blue food coloring to enhance visibility of wounds in pear fruit resulted in removal of 40% of punctured fruit compared with 22% removal without staining. Histochemical tests of cell walls near wounds showed an accumulation of callose, suberin, tannins and pectic substances, as well as gums and starch, within 4 days after wounding. Lignin was not detected in wound tissue.